Don’t
aim to “exercise,” instead, play a sport.
A
2005 study found that when participants were asked about reasons for playing a
sport, they thought of intrinsic reasons, like enjoyment and
challenge. Reasons to “exercise,” however, were extrinsic and
focused on things like appearance, weight, and stress management.
Psychology 101 will tell you
intrinsic motivation makes you more likely to start and stick with a new habit. So
sign up for softball, join the masters’ swim team, play ultimate Frisbee, or
simply tweak your mindset: your Saturday afternoon bike ride suddenly becomes
the sport of cycling.
Don’t
work out next to the fittest person at the gym.
A creative 2007 study examined how
your fellow gym-goers affect your workout. Researchers hung out around
the lateral pull-down machine at a college gym. When a woman started
using it, a super-fit female confederate started using the next machine
over. Half the time, she wore a tank top and shorts. The other half
of the time, she wore workout pants with extra thigh padding and a baggy
sweatshirt. In a third control condition, the confederate didn’t work out
at all.
What happened? Women working
out next to the tank top used their machine for a shorter amount of time than
the other two conditions. And, when researchers later approached and
asked women to take a short survey, they reported lower body satisfaction
scores. By contrast, women working out next to the baggy sweatshirt
exercised longer and didn’t suffer the same hit to body image.
What does this mean for women?
Run on a treadmill behind a 19-year-old in size 0 booty shorts and you’ll
probably leave sooner and feel bad about yourself. Run on a treadmill
behind a normal-looking person and you’ll likely leave after a good workout
with your body image intact.
Don’t
motivate yourself by thinking about your muffin top or flabby abs.
Yes,
you heard that right. Both men and women often motivate themselves to
exercise by thinking about their appearance. But it turns out this
approach backfires.
A 2014 study found that exercise
frequency is most strongly related to 3 things: appreciation of your body, a
focus on how it feels, and satisfaction with what it can do. But get
this: motivation based on appearance weakened all 3 of those things, even in
people who exercised the most. So consider changing your focus to something
other than your thighs or tummy.
Customize
your workout in little ways.
The power of small choices was
demonstrated in a brand new 2014 study where participants who chose the
sequence of their exercises did more sets and reps than those who were given a
predetermined sequence.
So don’t just slavishly follow the
order on your lifting log or go down the line of weight machines. Think
about what you want to do and you may find yourself doing it more.
Stop
thinking of yourself as lazy.
Think of yourself as someone who
exercises, or someone who is healthy, or whatever exercise-friendly identity
you’d like to adopt. The human psyche goes to great lengths, sometimes
unconsciously, to be consistent with one’s identity. So thinking of
yourself as a harried, stressed-out person creates a self-fulfilling prophecy
with little room for exercise. But thinking of yourself as a really busy
healthy person might create just the tweak your mindset needs.
So even if you’re someone who thinks
running late counts as exercise, try out your favorite of these 6 tips.
You’ll be on your way to a healthier you before you can lift another cheese
curl.
References
Dishman, R.K. (2001). The
problem exercise adherence: Fighting sloth in nations with market economics. Quest,
53, 279–294.
Wulf, G., Freitas, H.E., &
Tandy, R.D. (2014). Choosing to exercise more: Small choices increase
exercise engagement. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15,
268-271.
Wasilenko, K.A., Kulik, J.A., &
Wanic, R.A. (2007). Effects of social comparisons with peers on women’s
body satisfaction and exercise behavior. The International Journal of
Eating Disorders, 40, 740-5.
Kilpatrick, M., Hebert, E., &
Bartholomew, J. (2005). College students’ motivation for physical
activity: differentiating men’s and women’s motives for sport participation and
exercise. Journal of American College Health, 54, 87-94.
Homan, K.J. & Tylka, T.L.
(2014). Appearance-based exercise motivation moderates the relationship
between exercise frequency and positive body image. Body Image, 11,
101-108..
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